Aphelion
152100000 km (94500000 mi; 1.017 AU)
Perihelion
147095000 km (91401000 mi; 0.98327 AU)
Semi-major axis
149598023 km (92955902 mi; 1.00000102 AU)
Eccentricity
0.0167086
Orbital period
365.256363004 d (1.00001742096 yr)
Average orbital speed 29.78 km/s (107200 km/h; 66600 mph)
Mean anomaly
358.617°
Inclination
7.155° to the Sun's equator; 1.57869° to invariable plane; 0.00005° to J2000 ecliptic
Longitude of ascending node
−11.26064° to J2000 ecliptic
Argument of perihelion
114.20783°
Satellites
1 natural satellite: the Moon 5 quasi-satellites >1 700 operational artificial satellites >16 000 space debris
152100000 km (94500000 mi; 1.017 AU)
Perihelion
147095000 km (91401000 mi; 0.98327 AU)
Semi-major axis
149598023 km (92955902 mi; 1.00000102 AU)
Eccentricity
0.0167086
Orbital period
365.256363004 d (1.00001742096 yr)
Average orbital speed 29.78 km/s (107200 km/h; 66600 mph)
Mean anomaly
358.617°
Inclination
7.155° to the Sun's equator; 1.57869° to invariable plane; 0.00005° to J2000 ecliptic
Longitude of ascending node
−11.26064° to J2000 ecliptic
Argument of perihelion
114.20783°
Satellites
1 natural satellite: the Moon 5 quasi-satellites >1 700 operational artificial satellites >16 000 space debris
Surface pressure
101.325 kPa (at MSL)
Composition by volume
78.08% nitrogen (N2; dry air)
20.95% oxygen(O2) 0.934% argon
0.0408% carbon dioxide
~ 1% water vapor (climate variable)
101.325 kPa (at MSL)
Composition by volume
78.08% nitrogen (N2; dry air)
20.95% oxygen(O2) 0.934% argon
0.0408% carbon dioxide
~ 1% water vapor (climate variable)
Mean radius
6371.0 km (3958.8 mi)
Equatorial radius
6378.1 km (3963.2 mi)
Polar radius
6356.8 km (3949.9 mi)
Flattening
0.0033528 1/298.257222101 (ETRS89)
Circumference
40075.017 km equatorial (24901.461 mi) 40007.86 km meridional (24859.73 mi)
Surface area
510072000 km2 (196940000 sq mi) 148940000 km2 land (57510000 sq mi; 29.2%) 361132000 km2 water (139434000 sq mi; 70.8%)
Volume
1.08321×1012 km3 (2.59876×1011 cu mi)
Mass
5.97237×1024 kg (1.31668×1025 lb) (3.0×10−6 M☉)
Mean density
5.514 g/cm3 (0.1992 lb/cu in)
Surface gravity
9.807 m/s2 (1 g; 32.18 ft/s2)
Moment of inertia factor
0.3307
Escape velocity
11.186 km/s (40270 km/h; 25020 mph)
Sidereal rotation period
0.99726968 d (23h 56m 4.100s)
Equatorial rotation velocity
0.4651 km/s[19] (1674.4 km/h; 1040.4 mph)
Axial tilt
23.4392811°
Albedo
0.367 geometric 0.306 Bond
Surface temp.
min mean max
Kelvin 184K 288K 330K
Celsius −89.2°C 14.9°C 56.9°C
Fahrenheit −128.5°F 58.7°F 134.3°F
6371.0 km (3958.8 mi)
Equatorial radius
6378.1 km (3963.2 mi)
Polar radius
6356.8 km (3949.9 mi)
Flattening
0.0033528 1/298.257222101 (ETRS89)
Circumference
40075.017 km equatorial (24901.461 mi) 40007.86 km meridional (24859.73 mi)
Surface area
510072000 km2 (196940000 sq mi) 148940000 km2 land (57510000 sq mi; 29.2%) 361132000 km2 water (139434000 sq mi; 70.8%)
Volume
1.08321×1012 km3 (2.59876×1011 cu mi)
Mass
5.97237×1024 kg (1.31668×1025 lb) (3.0×10−6 M☉)
Mean density
5.514 g/cm3 (0.1992 lb/cu in)
Surface gravity
9.807 m/s2 (1 g; 32.18 ft/s2)
Moment of inertia factor
0.3307
Escape velocity
11.186 km/s (40270 km/h; 25020 mph)
Sidereal rotation period
0.99726968 d (23h 56m 4.100s)
Equatorial rotation velocity
0.4651 km/s[19] (1674.4 km/h; 1040.4 mph)
Axial tilt
23.4392811°
Albedo
0.367 geometric 0.306 Bond
Surface temp.
min mean max
Kelvin 184K 288K 330K
Celsius −89.2°C 14.9°C 56.9°C
Fahrenheit −128.5°F 58.7°F 134.3°F
